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U(n,f) cross section from n_TOF (CERN) from 18 meV to 10 keVMastromarco, M.*; Amaducci, S.*; Colonna, N.*; 木村 敦; 他118名*
European Physical Journal A, 58(8), p.147_1 - 147_13, 2022/08
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：52.69(Physics, Nuclear)The U(n,f) cross section was measured in a wide energy range (18 meV - 170 keV) at the n_TOF facility at CERN, relative to 
Li(n,t) and 
B(n,
) standard reactions, with a setup based on a stack of six samples and six silicon detectors placed in the neutron beam. A resonance analysis has been performed up to 200 eV, with the code SAMMY. A good agreement, within 0.5%, is found on average between the new results and the latest evaluated data files ENDF/B-VIII.0 and JEFF-3.3, as well as with respect to the broad group average fission cross section established in the framework of the standard working group of IAEA. However, some discrepancies, of up to 4%, are still present in some specific energy regions.
Chiaveri, E.*; Aberle, O.*; Alcayne, V.*; 木村 敦; 他124名*
EPJ Web of Conferences, 239, p.17001_1 - 17001_8, 2020/09
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：95.3(Nuclear Science & Technology)Since the start of its operation in 2001, the neutron time of-flight facility of CERN, n_TOF, has become one of the most forefront neutron facilities in the world for wide-energy spectrum neutron cross section measurements. Thanks to the combination of excellent neutron energy resolution and high instantaneous neutron flux available in the two experimental areas, the second of which has been constructed in 2014, n_TOF is providing a wealth of new data on neutron-induced reactions of interest for nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear technologies and medical applications. In this document the main characteristics of the n_TOF facility and their relevance for neutron studies in the different areas of research will be outlined. In addition, the future perspectives of the facility will be described including the upgrade of the spallation target, the setup of an imaging installation and the construction of a new irradiation area.
Ge(n,
) cross sections and implications for stellar nucleosynthesisLederer-Woods, C.*; Battino, U.*; Ferreira, P.*; Gawlik, A.*; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他128名*
Physics Letters B, 790, p.458 - 465, 2019/03
被引用回数：12 パーセンタイル：77.09(Astronomy & Astrophysics)
cross sections were measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN up to neutron energies of 300 keV, providing for the first time experimental data above 8 keV. Results indicate that the stellar cross section at 
=30 keV is 1.5 to 1.7 times higher than most theoretical predictions. The new cross sections result in a substantial decrease of Ge produced in stars, which would explain the low isotopic abundance of Ge in the solar system.
Gd(n,) induced by thermal and epithermal neutronsMastromarco, M.*; Manna, A.*; Aberle, O.*; Andrzejewski, J.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他116名*
European Physical Journal A, 55(1), p.9_1 - 9_20, 2019/01
被引用回数：27 パーセンタイル：92.58(Physics, Nuclear)Neutron capture cross section measurements on 
Gd and 
Gd were performed using the time-of-flight technique at the n_TOF facility at CERN on isotopically enriched samples. The measurements were carried out in the n TOF experimental area EAR1, at 185m from the neutron source, with an array of 4 C
D liquid scintillation detectors. At a neutron kinetic energy of 0.0253eV, capture cross sections of 62.2(2.2) and 239.8(8.4) kilobarn have been derived for Gd and Gd, respectively, with up to 6% deviation relative to values presently reported in nuclear data libraries, but consistent with those values within 1.6 standard deviations. A resonance shape analysis has been performed in the resolved resonance region up to 181eV and 307eV, respectively for Gd and Gd, where on average, resonance parameters have been found in good agreement with evaluations. Above these energies and up to 1keV, the observed resonance-like structure of the cross section has been analysed and characterised. From a statistical analysis of the observed neutron resonances we deduced: neutron strength function of 2.01(28) 
10
and 2.17(41) 10; average total radiative width of 106.8(14)meV and 101.1(20)meV and s-wave resonance spacing 1.6(2)eV and 4.8(5)eV for n + Gd and n + Gd systems, respectively.
Be(n,p)Li reaction and the cosmological lithium problem; Measurement of the cross section in a wide energy range at n_TOF at CERNDamone, L.*; Barbagallo, M.*; Mastromarco, M.*; Cosentino, L.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他152名*
Physical Review Letters, 121(4), p.042701_1 - 042701_7, 2018/07
被引用回数：50 パーセンタイル：91.96(Physics, Multidisciplinary)We report on the measurement of the Be(n,p)Li cross section from thermal to approximately 325 keV neutron energy, performed in the high-flux experimental area (EAR2) of the n_TOF facility at CERN. This reaction plays a key role in the lithium yield of the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) for standard cosmology. The only two previous time-of-flight measurements performed on this reaction did not cover the energy window of interest for BBN, and they showed a large discrepancy between each other. The measurement was performed with a Si telescope and a high-purity sample produced by implantation of a Be ion beam at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. While a significantly higher cross section is found at low energy, relative to current evaluations, in the region of BBN interest, the present results are consistent with the values inferred from the time-reversal Li(p,n)Be reaction, thus yielding only a relatively minor improvement on the so-called cosmological lithium problem. The relevance of these results on the near threshold neutron production in the p+Li reaction is also discussed.
Pu in the resonance region at the CERN n_TOF-EAR1 facilityLerendegui-Marco, J.*; Guerrero, C.*; Mendoza, E.*; Quesada, J. M.*; Eberhardt, K.*; Junghans, A. R.*; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他126名*
Physical Review C, 97(2), p.024605_1 - 024605_21, 2018/02
被引用回数：20 パーセンタイル：84.5(Physics, Nuclear)This paper presents a new time-of-flight capture measurement on Pu carried out at n_TOF-EAR1(CERN), focusing on the analysis and statistical properties of the resonance region, below 4 keV. The Pu(n,)reaction on a sample containing 95(4) mg enriched to 99.959% was measured with an array of four CD detectors and applying the total energy detection technique. The high neutron energy resolution of n_TOF-EAR1 and the good statistics accumulated have allowed us to extend the resonance analysis up to 4 keV, obtaining new individual and average resonance parameters from a capture cross section featuring a systematic uncertainty of 5%, fulfilling the request of the NEA.
木村 敦
核データニュース(インターネット), (118), p.36 - 42, 2017/10
欧州原子核研究機構(CERN)にあるn_TOF実験施設において、Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIMAT)と共同代表としてCm-244,246の中性子捕獲断面積測定研究を進めており、2017年夏n_TOF実験施設で測定実験を行った。本稿では堅苦しい学術的な話ではなく、読者の広場だからこそ書けるn_TOF実験施設での実験の様子や訪問の際に知っていれば便利だと思うことを紹介する。
Pu(n,f) cross-section at the CERN n_TOF facility; First results from experimental area II (EAR-2)Stamatopoulos, A.*; Tsinganis, A.*; Colonna, N.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他126名*
EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.04030_1 - 04030_4, 2017/09
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：95.25(Nuclear Science & Technology)The accurate knowledge of the neutron-induced fission cross-sections of actinides and other isotopes involved in the nuclear fuel cycle is essential for the design of advanced nuclear systems, such as Generation-IV nuclear reactors. Such experimental data can also provide the necessary feedback for the adjustment of nuclear model parameters used in the evaluation process, resulting in the further development of nuclear fission models. In the present work, the Pu(n,f) cross-section was measured at CERN n_TOF facility relative to the well-known U(n,f) cross section, over a wide range of neutron energies, from meV to almost MeV, using the time-of-flight technique and a set-up based on Micromegas detectors. This measurement was the first experiment to be performed at n_TOF new experimental area (EAR-2), which offers a significantly higher neutron flux compared to the already existing experimental area (EAR-1).Preliminary results as well as the experimental procedure, including a description of the facility and the data handling and analysis, are presented.
Lerendegui-Marco, J.*; Cort
s-Giraldo, M. A.*; Guerrero, C.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他114名*
EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.03030_1 - 03030_4, 2017/09
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.08(Nuclear Science & Technology)Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are an essential tool to determine fundamental features of a neutron beam, such as the neutron flux or the ray background, that sometimes can not be measured or at least not in every position or energy range. Until recently, the most widely used MC codes in this field had been MCNPX and FLUKA. However, the Geant4 toolkit has also become a competitive code for the transport of neutrons after the development of the native Geant4 format for neutron data libraries, G4NDL. In this context, we present the Geant4 simulations of the neutron spallation target of the n TOF facility at CERN, done with version 10.1.1 of the toolkit. The first goal was the validation of the intra-nuclear cascade models implemented in the code using, as benchmark, the characteristics of the neutron beam measured at the first experimental area (EAR1), especially the neutron flux and energy distribution, and the time distribution of neutrons of equal kinetic energy, the so-called Resolution Function. The second goal was the development of a Monte Carlo tool aimed to provide useful calculations for both the analysis and planning of the upcoming measurements at the new experimental area (EAR2) of the facility.
Be(n,) and Be(n,p) cross-section measurement for the cosmological lithium problem at the n_TOF facility at CERNBarbagallo, M.*; Colonna, N.*; Aberle, O.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他125名*
EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.01012_1 - 01012_4, 2017/09
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：61.21(Nuclear Science & Technology)The Cosmological Lithium Problem refers to the large discrepancy between the abundance of primordial Li predicted by the standard theory of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the value inferred from the so-called "Spite plateau" in halo stars. A possible explanation for this longstanding puzzle in Nuclear Astrophysics is related to the incorrect estimation of the destruction rate of Be, which is responsible for the production of 95% of primordial Lithium. While charged-particle induced reactions have mostly been ruled out, data on the Be(n,) and Be(n,p) reactions are scarce or completely missing, so that a large uncertainty still affects the abundance of Li predicted by the standard theory of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Both reactions have been measured at the n_TOF facility at CERN, providing for the first time data in a wide neutron energy range.
Chiaveri, E.*; Aberle, O.*; Andrzejewski, J.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他111名*
EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.03001_1 - 03001_4, 2017/09
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：61.21(Nuclear Science & Technology)The CERN n_TOF neutron beam facility is characterized by a very high instantaneous neutron flux, excellent TOF resolution at the 185m long flight path (EAR-1), low intrinsic background and coverage of a wide range of neutron energies, from thermal to a few GeV. The overall efficiency of the experimental program and the range of possible measurements has been expanded with the construction of a second experimental area (EAR-2), located 20m on the vertical of the n_TOF spallation target. This upgrade, which benefits from a neutron flux 30 times higher than in EAR-1, provides a substantial extension in measurement capabilities, opening the possibility to collect data on neutron cross-section of isotopes with short half-lives or available in very small amounts. We will discuss the innovative features of the EAR-2 neutron beam that make possible to perform very challenging measurements on short-lived radioisotopes or sub-mg samples, out of reach up to now at other neutron facilities around the world. Finally, the future perspectives of the facility will be presented.
Pm and 
Tm for astrophysicsGuerrero, C.*; Lerendegui-Marco, J.*; Domingo-Pardo, C.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他113名*
EPJ Web of Conferences, 146, p.01007_1 - 01007_4, 2017/09
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：61.21(Nuclear Science & Technology)The neutron capture cross section of several key unstable isotopes acting as branching points in the s-process are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis studies, but they are very challenging to measure due to the difficult production of sufficient sample material, the high activity of the resulting samples, and the actual (n,) measurement, for which high neutron fluxes and effective background rejection capabilities are required. Capture cross section of Pm and Tm have been measured for time-of-flight measurements at the CERN n_TOF facility using the 19 and 185m beam lines. Activation experiments on the same Pm and Tm targets with a high-intensity 30 keV quasi-Maxwellian flux of neutrons will be performed using the SARAF accelerator and the Liquid-Lithium Target (LiLiT) in order to extract the corresponding Maxwellian Average Cross Section (MACS). The status of these experiments and preliminary results will be presented and discussed as well.
Gunsing, F.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他141名*
European Physical Journal Plus (Internet), 131(10), p.371_1 - 371_13, 2016/10
被引用回数：29 パーセンタイル：59.61(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Nuclear data in general, and neutron-induced reaction cross sections in particular, are important for a wide variety of research fields. They play a key role in the safety and criticality assessment of nuclear technology, not only for existing power reactors but also for radiation dosimetry, medical applications, the transmutation of nuclear waste, accelerator-driven systems, fuel cycle investigations and future reactor systems as in Generation IV. Applications of nuclear data are also related to research fields as the study of nuclear level densities and stellar nucleosynthesis. Simulations and calculations of nuclear technology applications largely rely on evaluated nuclear data libraries. The evaluations in these libraries are based both on experimental data and theoretical models. CERN's neutron time-of-flight facility, n_TOF, has produced a considerable amount of experimental data since it has become fully operational with the start of the scientific measurement program in 2001. While for a long period a single measurement station (EAR1) located at 185 m from the neutron production target was available, the construction of a second beam line at 20 m (EAR2) in 2014 has substantially increased the measurement capabilities of the facility. An outline of the experimental nuclear data activities at n_TOF will be presented.
Be(
He reaction and the cosmological lithium problem; Measurement of the cross section in a wide energy range at n_TOF at CERNBarbagallo, M.*; Musumarra, A.*; Cosentino, L.*; Maugeri, E.*; Heinitz, S.*; Mengoni, A.*; Dressler, R.*; Schumann, D.*; K
ppeler, F.*; 原田 秀郎; et al.
Physical Review Letters, 117(15), p.152701_1 - 152701_7, 2016/10
被引用回数：83 パーセンタイル：94.75(Physics, Multidisciplinary)The energy-dependent cross section of the Be(He reaction, of interest for the so-called cosmological lithium problem in big bang nucleosynthesis, has been measured for the first time from 10 meV to 10 keV neutron energy. Coincidences between the two alpha particles have been recorded in two Si-Be-Si arrays placed directly in the neutron beam. The present results are consistent, at thermal neutron energy, with the only previous measurement performed in the 1960s at a nuclear reactor. The energy dependence reported here clearly indicates the inadequacy of the cross section estimates currently used in BBN calculations. Although new measurements at higher neutron energy may still be needed, the n_TOF results hint at a minor role of this reaction in BBN, leaving the long-standing cosmological lithium problem unsolved.
